The Civil War of Rome :: Ancient Rome Roman History

The Civil War of RomeThe Civil War in the eyes of most people is not glorious, but earlier one of the worst crimes you could possibly commit when the state is all-important. Only under the most extreme circumstances should one be allowed to (in the eyes of the people that is) capture a Civil War with just cause. Caesar took this into consideration, but too legion(predicate) things were going wrong in Rome for him not to begin the war. The first of many problems was the collapse of the Triumvirate. The Triumvirate was one of the main parts of the government of Rome, with which in that respect were three leaders, which at the time were Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus. This was never truly working all that great, but held itself unitedly by the marriage of Caesars daughter Julia, to Pompey, and the friendship Caesar and Crassus shared. But, all this came to an end when Crassus was killed in a battle against a Parthian army. Then, not too long afterwards, Julia was dispatch by someone who had broken into her home. This, destroyed the bond between Caesar and Pompey, and make them drift apart. Caesar seeing all this taking place, attempted to restore the bond by proposing to Pompeys only daughter, but was not allowed to by Pompey. To only make matters worse, Rome was slowly slipping into total anarchy. The government was becoming corrupt with bribery. The elections were being stopped, and there wasnt a consul elected in 53 or 52 B.C. Most authority was lost, the streets became rioted, and unsafe. During this time, Pompey tried to annul the Law of Ten Tribunes without notifying Caesar. If this happen, it would of removed a stack of Caesars power. Caesar saw what he was trying to do, and stopped it before this action took place, and now knew for sure that Pompey was no longer his ally, but instead an enemy. Pompey tried another roundabout act against Caesar, which this time worked. He had the senate pass a law that made Pompey and Caesar both give up troops, and se nd them to the East, where they were supposedly needed against the Parthians. This seemed fair, but it made Caesar lose two legions, one that was lent to him by Pompey in the Gallic Wars, and one of his own. Once they were positioned there, Pompey decided they were no longer needed, and sent them to Capua (a city in Rome) under his command.

A Feminist Alternative to Fetterleys Criticism of A Farewell to Arms :: Farewell Arms Essays

A Feminist Alternative to Fetterleys Criticism of A Farewell to Arms After close A Farewell to Arms, I found it difficult to reconcile Judith Fetterleys feminist attack of the novel with my own personal opinions. I agree that Hemingway does kick women to the suppress in his portrayal of Catherine, but my reasons for pinning this crime on Hemingway are different from hers. Although she means well, Fetterley makes the ridiculous claim that by portraying Catherine as an angelic, selflessly loving woman to end all women, Hemingway disguises misogynistic attitudes and a deep-seeded hatred towards the XX chromosome. This claim is not supported by the text. If we look at Hemingway through the lens of the eye of his own words, we find that his misogyny does not spring from a too good to be true portrait of Catherine, but rather in his leaning to cast her down into the dirt-Catherine is a dependent, baby-manufacturing trap that stifles Lieutenant Henry Poor, poor dear Cat. And this was the price you paid for sleeping to dismounther. This was the end of the trap (320). It is his penchant for awaken and his need for womanly comfort that keeps Henry coming back to Catherine, not some notion of love or true connection. This is Hemingways misogyny, however unintentional, unmasked. But to get a true sense of this anti-Fetterley feminist view of the novel, it is important too look at the specifics of Hemingways construction of Catherine-facts that stand in direct opposition to Fetterleys state attacks. First of all, Catherine is not Fetterleys unique and unattainable goddess-she is an object in Henrys universe, a feast of sensations but nothing more. She is akin to good food and good confuse I was made to eat. My God, yes. Eat and drink and sleep with Catherine (233). Indeed, Henrys thoughts about Catherine, both when he is at the front or by her side, mingle with longings for good wine and reflections on sumptuous meals. In Henrys world, a good Capri would be nice , a nice hunk of cheese would be grand, and sleeping with Catherine would be sublime. These things all equate to the enjoyment of basic human needs. Every now and then, Henry feels a grumbling in his loins-a periodic hunger for the cheese between Catherines legs. Hemingway dissolves Catherine into the least common denominator-the object, destitute of meaning or real importance (when Henry isnt hungry).

Women In The Odyssey Essay -- essays research papers

The literature composed during the era when the Odyssey was written was directed by men. Woman characters were valued but the still participated in affairs when they had the permission of men. The men, for the most part, directed the womens lives. The themes used in literature were on the subjects that men would be interested in combat warriors, and rulers. house servant affairs, for the most part, were not noted. There is a immense contrast between the Odyssey and other epic poetry of the period. There are several women characters in the Odyssey. each of them add to plot in significant ways and they are also treated with admiration. The women of the poem change the lives of the gods and men, and how they link in significant ways to star another.genus Penelope, the wife of Odyssues, is the perfect wife and mother. She is also independant and intelligent. Penelopes character is Homers model of the ideal woman. She worries when her son Telemachos sails to locate his father and griev es over the absence of her husband. Many times passim the poem Penelope cries herself to sleep, yearning for information of her husbands welfare. Even after nearly twenty years of absence, Penelope still praises of her husband. At any time Penelope could have married one of the suitors and provided a father figure for her son. This fact demonstrate Penelopes loylaty to her husband. . Standing before the suitors, Penelope announces that whoever among them can string the bow and subscribe to an arrow through ...

McCain vs. Obama :: John McCain Barack Obama

The 2008 democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama and the republican presidential nominee fast one McCain are both very well political speakers when it comes to the presidential election, but have certain issues that they differ on. To name a few issues are abortion, economy, very(prenominal) sex issues, taxes, and the war in Iraq. Which ever presidential candidate becomes elected this year, it will be a year to make the history books. If Barack Obama becomes elected he will be the first black president of the United States and if joke McCain becomes elected his running mate Sarah Palin will be the first ever char Vice President in America. It will truly be an interesting and history-making race for future generations to study. Barack Obama is forty-seven years old and born on deluxe 4th 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii (obama-mccain.info). John McCain is seventy-two years old and born on August 29th 1936 in the Panama Canal geographical zone where his mother and fat her, both naval officers, were stationed (obama-mccain.info) Both their family roots have a bit of Scottish and Irish, but Obamas ancestry also includes the Cherokee Indians and Lueo people of Kenya. John McCain graduated in Episcopal High School in Virginia and then went on to the United States Naval Academy in 1958 (obama-mccain.info). Barack Obama went to many different schools up through high school but then attended Occidental College in Los Angeles for two years then went to Columbia University in New York for political science. He then continued school at Harvard University and graduated in the top ten percentile of his class. When Obama was interviewed about his grades in school he scarce replied with, Graduated magna cum laude from Harvard Law School and a D in 8th grade French (obama-mccain.info). Differences in both presidential candidates begin to climb most when you look at their military service and religious backrounds. John McCain is Episcopal whereas Barrack Obam a belonged to the United Church of Christ for twenty years. Obamas calmness from this church followed many offensive comments by his reverend. Obama also has no military experience while John McCain has had Naval aviator training, attended the United States navy blue from 1958-1981, served in Vietnam, and was awarded numerous times for his achievements. Both contenders have had much experience in politics nevertheless. They have been senators at one time in their lives and to each one candidate has superb charisma and speaking talents.

Comparing Brad Manning’s Arm Wrestling With My Father and Itabari Njeri

Comparing Brad Mannings short story Arm Wrestling With My Father, and Itabari Njeris When Morpheus Held Him The relationship between a father and son stems from an unspoken competition in many countries. Whether it is a physical or mental rivalry the superior role slowly transcends on to the son as he grows into a man. In Brad Mannings short story Arm Wrestling With My Father, and Itabari Njeris When Morpheus Held Him, both contain admiring sons and unemotional fathers. Despite both stories similarities in unspoken emotions they differ in the aspect of their physical relationships. This unrequited bond between a father and son in these stories portray various types of love. Throughout Brad Mannings anecdote about gird wrestling he refers to his father as the arm or the whelm with clenched fists. The embodiment of his father in these empowered limbs shows the dominating figure once held over him. Daddy, was the only personal name Itabari Njeris father allowed him to say. If Njeri d id not settle for Daddy, Dr. Moreland would have to due. There is a sterile and clinical connotation in referring ones father as Doctor. Mannings states, the man would win, too giving an impersonal and cold feeling to his strong father. But this impersonal name was not forced upon Manning as Njeris father had done. Mannings father-son matches battling arm against arm was their only means of communication. Manning decodes his fathers crude ritual,...

Comparing Brad Manning’s Arm Wrestling With My Father and Itabari Njeri

Comparing Brad Mannings short story ramp up Wrestling With My Father, and Itabari Njeris When Morpheus Held Him The relationship between a father and son stems from an unspoken competition in many countries. Whether it is a physical or psychogenic rivalry the superior role slowly transcends on to the son as he grows into a man. In Brad Mannings short story offshoot Wrestling With My Father, and Itabari Njeris When Morpheus Held Him, both contain admiring sons and impassive fathers. Despite both stories similarities in unspoken emotions they differ in the aspect of their physical relationships. This unrequited stay put between a father and son in these stories portray various types of love. Throughout Brad Mannings anecdote about arm wrestling he refers to his father as the arm or the master with clenched fists. The embodiment of his father in these empowered limbs shows the dominating figure once held over him. Daddy, was the whole personal name Itabari Njeris father allowed him to say. If Njeri did not settle for Daddy, Dr. Moreland would have to due. There is a sterile and clinical connotation in referring ones father as Doctor. Mannings states, the man would win, also giving an impersonal and cold feeling to his strong father. But this impersonal name was not obligate upon Manning as Njeris father had done. Mannings father-son matches battling arm against arm was their only means of communication. Manning decodes his fathers crude ritual,...

Personal Selling Essay

Step 1 ProspectingProspecting, involves the coin, Authority, Desire (M.A.D) accession. Firstly I analysed my sceneive clients to command that they had the money, authority and desire to purchase the products I was selling. Upon analysis I realised that since my target customers were friends and colleagues who themselves had authority on their purchases I decided to focus on Money and Desire. The prospecting methods I used were direct mail, networking and telephone. I sorted by my reachs on social networking sites such as Facebook, Friendster and MSN and also a list of past and return colleagues to sift for viable prospects.Step 2 Pre-approachAt this stage, I did a few things to make my personal selling successful. Firstly I drafted email messages and messages to be sent on social networking sites to my viable contacts to inform them about the promotions and items I was selling. I also ensured to highlight the discounts that they would be receiving by buying the items from me. I believed that this would piss an image of professionalism as it would portray that as a salesperson, I am well informed about my products.Step 3 ApproachI travel on to approach, sending out emails and messages through the social networking sites informing them about my products. I also made use of the Chinese New course of study prison term to target those celebrating to purchase the New Year goodies that I was selling. I also promoted the m whatever vouchers, as thoughtful gifts for Valentines day for their loved ones, placing emphasis on the Swensens Valentines day cake voucher as it was one of the few items on sale that was Halal certified allowing me to widen my target consumers to include my Muslim friends, in the process using the customer benefit approach highlighting the discounts they would be receiving if they purchased the items from me. For potential prospects for products from MSC Studio and mini rival outlets, I provided them with the product breeding and on-goi ng promotional information which I obtained from posters and Colleagues working in MSC Studio as well as from my personal experience working in competition Mini. Which in this case is the product approach.Step 4 PresentationAt the video display stage, I use 2 methods of presentation, AIDA approach and Need Satisfactory Method. AIDA approach includes, getting Attention, making prospect entertained, convert his Desire to conviction, as well as to take purchase Action. Which in this case, I shake up done it through sending out PowerPoint slide attachment and also created an album on facebook containing the products Im selling. I also included the pricing and the discounts that they would be receiving. This grabs the prospects Attention, Interest and Desire to take Action. The need-satisfaction method would be to confirm clients needs and to show the product that can offer solution. In this case, I would approach potential prospects and wait them questions on what they are looking for maybe in-terms of Chinese New Year goodies or Valentines day gifts and be sure not to make them feel tense while doing so. After confirming their needs, recommendations would be made to them based on someone customer needs.Step 5 Trial closeAfter the presentation stage, I would ask if there are any discomforts in my recommendations. Example, Are these what youre looking for? and how does this sound to u? For prospects who seemed interested but needed time to think about it, I made follow up calls about a couple of days later to ensure that it would not become a dead sales lead. This eventually made way for a few successful sales.Step 6 ObjectionsThere is definitely bound to be objections in the course of personal selling. Some of the objections that I faced from my prospects were1. Not interested in the item2. Not Halal.3. Too expensive.4. Already bought.5. Uncertainty in purchasingStep 7 Meeting ObjectionsWhen I face objections, I would try to come up with solutions. These ar e some solutions for the above objections 1. Try to offer some other product that suits their need or interest 2. Offer to hold the sales period open for them till the very last day. 3. Offer cheaper range products which meets their budget.4. publish them to other products which they may not have bought. 5. Persuade them by highlighting the benefits of buying the product. Step 8 The close For products from the Cupid N You pre- severalize, during the closing I would have to take down their arrangement, reconfirm it, and collect the money as well as to inform them about the collection date (27 January 2011). I would also convey them for buying from me. As for personal selling done at MSC Studio, I would just thank my customers for buying as the collecting of money and victorious of order are suppose to be done by the MSC staff.Step 9 Follow up and ServiceI intend to contact my customers a few days in advance before the 27th of January, to remind them that the items will be ready for delivery on the 27th of January. I will also be personally delivering the items to my customers. I intend to attach a personalised thank you note with each of my customers to show my appreciation for their support. I would also be go free gift wrapping for items which have been intended as Valentines day gift, upon request from my customer. A satisfied customer is a loyal customer and satisfied customers are known to spread positive word-of-mouth and this would defiantly prove to be essential should I need their proceed support in future sales tasks.Question 2Personal Selling EventFor this round of Personal selling project, we were given Cupid N You, a Chinese New Year and Valentines Day pre-order event to work with by the EMRS, TEP MSC festive team. The items on sale for this event were from various companies that included Mrs Fields, dreadfully Chocolate, Astons, Ritz Apple Strudel and Swensens, Fragrance, Horse Brand Birds Nest, Taiwan snacks, CNY Pastries Season and Corne ry Popcorn. Mrs Fields and Astons offered discounted cash vouchers while Awfully Chocolate Ritz Apple Strudel and Swensens were offering discounted product vouchers. Fragrance offered three antithetic varieties of Bak Kwa in either 500g or 1kg packages at a discounted price.Horse Brand Birds Nest offered different varieties of Birds Nest, chicken essence as well as abalone. Taiwan snacks, CNY Pastries and Season offered snacks, cookies, cakes and pastries, well suited as Chinese New Year goodies. Cornery Popcorn, offered two, regular sized popcorn as a set allowing customers to choose from a range of three flavours. Moreover cosmos attached to Challenger Mini for this stopover, I could also only include items from MSC Studio which housed brands such as Faceshop, Sasa, Giordano, Six accessories, Ameba as well as many others and Challenger Mini two year memberships into my overall Personal selling.Question 3Refer to annex 1Question 4Lessons LearntLessons that I have learnt in the co urse of this personal selling process is that One must have sufficient product knowledge before they can do recommendations that suit individual consumer needs and persuade their customers to successfully buy their products. There will always be rejections but I should not let that put me down, instead I should develop a more positive mindset in failures and use that as a stepping stone and improve on my sales techniques in order to achieve my target. I have also learnt to always be aware of a sales opportunity as it may arise at any time. I should also be aware of my competitors offering so that I will be able to highlight the benefits of purchasing from me.ChallengesThe challenges I encountered for this project was the ludicrous deadlines that had to be met. In addition, with the busy pace of life, sometimes people tend to overlook emails and messages so I had to follow up with every single prospect to verify their interest in the products and try to close the deal which was time consuming. There was also the issue of my customers preferring competitors offering in the case of Bak Kwa. I bemused quite a few customers as they preferred Bee Cheng Hiang Bak Kwa comparative to that from Fragrance that I was selling. I had to place great emphasis on the discount being offered, to tempt my prospects.One specific challenge that I encountered was a prospective customer who was aware of this promotion and had expressed interest in it, had to go to Malaysia desperately for a week. I was unable to reach her to close the deal in time. My friend only came back to Singapore on the 21st of January 2011 and contacted me immeiately to order sestet kilograms of Fragrance Bak Kwa from me. I was unable to process this order as the last date to place the order for the festive sales was 20th January 2011. Even though I was unable to close such a huge individual deal, I am glad that this Personal Selling Process has given me a greater exposure to the real working world. Lastly , through this process, I have learnt to be flexible and provide good customer service in order to meet customers needs.

Nuclear Disarmament

thermonuclear technology has been widely used in the past, especi tout ensembley among nations examineking to dominate or to at least secure their positions as a country able to defend itself against its enemies or launch a military offensive. It is no hidden position that atomic weapons pose a great amount of bane to the security of human and animal lives in many instructions. at that place whitethorn be opposite purposes for thermonuclear technology former(a) than harnessing a sizeable amount of military weaponry, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as for generating power which allow be distributed to households and infrastructures. Yet the apparent threat to the lives of humanity stiff an utmost concern in the international company. More recently, many nations have already acquired nuclear facilities in creating nuclear weapons such as India, the United States of the States, Russia and North Korea just to name a few.The availability of these weapons of mass destruction has p rompted many concerned individuals and groups to raise their opposition and seek a nuclear demilitarizeament internationally, regardless of national status. There are excessively those who barely limit their calls for nuclear disarmament to nations which they perceive as threat to the international community such as North Korea.One of the many arguments behind the call for nuclear disarmament is the idea that the precise presence of nuclear weapons creates not only if tension among nations which have them like USSR and America in the past. It also creates dread among nations and citizens, especially those which do not have the capability to produce nuclear weapons and create their presence felt as a nation capable of defending itself.Moreover, on that point is also the idolise towards the health risks posed by nuclear weapons. Among the risks, by chance the most known is that of nuclear fallout caused by the examination of nuclear weapons. nuclear explosions during these tes ts create residual radiation hazards or radioactive dust which tin domiciliate largely affect the health of people in many ways.On the other hand, the manufacture of nuclear weapons can also pose dangers when accidents occur. For the most leave, the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident gives us a rough impression on the drastic consequences which can be brought about by nuclear accidents.In essence, in that location should be nuclear disarmament precisely because the availability of nuclear weapons is enough primer to believe that so one and only(a) and only(a)r or later these weapons will be used. The very fact that thither are nations creating nuclear weapons is enough to presume that there is a purpose or motive behind the manufacture of these weapons.It would be blind to presume that these nations will manufacture nuclear weaponsweapons that cost huge financing and environmental and health riskswithout having the thought of using the weapons at some point in time. Indeed, if there is at least one essential reason why these weapons are being built, it would have to be the reason that these weapons are most potential to be used.In the first place, one can pose the question as to whether there is an apparent and high need for nuclear weapons. Given the contemporary global situation, there are parts in the world where there are un counterweight like Tibet and there are regions in the world where there is a tension among nations like that of Israel and its neighboring countries just to name a few.These heretoforets in the world indeed require efforts of mitigation and resolution. To say that the amassing of nuclear weapons is one key to putting a stop to these global concerns is to say that efforts to propagate weapons of destruction can curb destruction altogether. Yet there is strong reason to believe that the opposite is more(prenominal) seeming to be true. Significant historical events from around the world teaches us quite a number of things, one of which is that nuclear disarmament should be met in order to halt further damage from being done.Tensions across the world should be basically addressed not with other move which will further cause tension but with a material solution that will limit and eventually dissolve these tensions. The past ii world wars literally obliterated the lives of thousands, and the further proliferation of nuclear weapons will create a similar scenario in the years to come if more and more nations will make use of nuclear weapons to further strengthen their military capabilities and if several nations will continue to harness nuclear weapons as we speak.Another point that deserves upkeep is that if we have many nations manufacturing and keeping nuclear weapons, there may come a time when these nations engage themselves in a nuclear warfare. The most likely result will be that of a mutually assured destruction where even the non-participating nations will be greatly affected especially the nati ons which are incapable(p) of defending themselves against nuclear weaponries.It should be noted that even when there is no actual nuclear warfare, there remains the impending threat of its actual use, causation nations to panic to a certain extent and resort to measures to thwart off these threats temporarily. Although not exactly a crisis which involves nuclear weapons, the case of the Cuban missile crisis spawned fear from the United States of America.This was during the time of the Cold War between the former USSR and America, a time when two nations were stockpiling nuclear weapons, racing against one another in the desire to outnumber the quantities of nuclear weapons of one over the other. As Samuel Walker puts it, the first two decades of the Cold War era, most scholars, like most Americans, regarded postwar tensions as a result of Soviet expansion and aggression (Walker, 1995, p. 1653).The Cuban missile crisis was a crisis which did not strictly involve nuclear weapons. Then again, the fear and tension it created was overwhelming, which makes us think what more if the crisis had involved nuclear weapons. Apparently, the case of North Korea in more recent times reminds us of how the world has reacted against a nation harnessing nuclear weapons and testing these weapons right at their backyard.The presence of nuclear weapons does not essentially nor significantly assure peace. Nor does it promote peace in one way or another. Rather, what it does is to heighten the political and military tension among countries, pushing these nations to increase the pressure on the nation wielding nuclear weapons or engaging such nation into military intervention some time in the future.The cases of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are perhaps the most suitable and compelling examples to illustrate the point that nuclear weapons can indeed wipe-out an entire civilization and event the entire humanity. The bombing of both Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan is claimed to be the last nail during the Second World War. aside from being the last nail, the bombings were also destructive in nature, destroying two key cities in less than a minute with destructive effects lasting even up to this very day. These only show that the dangers posed by nuclear weapons are very real and can bring havoc to an entire nation.Nuclear disarmament requires nations with nuclear weapons to dismantle such weapons, such as the case of the several treaties that paved the way for the United States, the Soviet Union and many other countries to make certain prohibitions.Some of these treaties include but is not limited to the Partial Test Ban Treaty in 1963 which sought to prohibit all forms of nuclear testing except when done underground, the Interim Agreement on Offensive Arms or SALT 1 which was agreed into by America and the Soviet Union way back in 1972 in order to freeze the actual units of intercontinental ballistic missiles as well as submarine-launched ballistic missiles that may be released or deployed by either of the two nations, and the Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty or SORT which was signed in 2002 and enforced a year later which aimed to reduce the strategic nuclear warheads of the United States and Russia.However, even though there have already been numerous treaties designed to control the proliferation of nuclear weapons among nations, the achievement of the goal of a total nuclear disarmament remains to be seen. Ken Rigby, Jacques Metzer and Biruta Dietz (1990) point out that the attitude of world-mindedness has emerged asrelated to both attitudinal and action tendencies to promote nuclear disarmament (p. 328).Thus, it can be asserted that the efforts to finally achieve a total nuclear disarmament may rest on a world-minded attitude. That it, the concerns of each individual aiming at a total nuclear disarmament should be parallel to a mental framework which is global. There should be no exclusions as to who can still be permitted to keep nu clear weapons even after treaties of nuclear disarmament have taken shape.On a larger sense, history tells us that the proliferation of nuclear weapons in the past and even more so to this very day has resulted to the further realization of the dangers largely attributed to nuclear weapons either resorting from accidents or deliberate use of these weapons.Nevertheless even if these dangers have already been agnize, several nations still seem cannot find an easy way out of the complexity of the nuclear issues which beset them. It appears that while there are treaties being engaged into by nations with nuclear capabilities they, too, have remained unable to fully interject themselves to a total nuclear disarmament.One can argue that perhaps one of the reasons why there is the failure for several nations to engage in a full nuclear disarmament is the idea that there are persisting threats to the sovereignty of these nations and that one way to curb these dangers is by wielding nuclea r weaponry.Despite the underlying drawbacks that go a large with the possession of nuclear weapons, it appears that the United States, Russia, North Korea and many others remain oblivious to the call for full nuclear disarmament perhaps because the purposes of having nuclear weapons outweigh the odds of falling on their drawbacks. One indubitable purpose of the possession of nuclear weapons is the attribution of power and respect that goes with it.However, even if these nations can be able to project an image of power and hegemonic dominance, history teaches us that public concern over the dangers of nuclear war has increased dramatically in both Western Europe and the United States (Boutwell, 2002, p. 12). Ironically, these increases in public concerns come from the citizens who live in the nations who have the capabilities to launch nuclear warheads.This goes to show that, to a certain extent, nations with nuclear warheads also have a corresponding concerned body of the public se ctor well-aware of the dangers of nuclear weapons at the least and a nuclear war at the most. There is a strong reason to presume that the public sector raises its concern over the issue of nuclear weapons precisely because that sector is able to see and understand the harsh implications it brings with it. Further, the concerned public sector has strong basis for their claims, substantiating their claims on the experiences of the nation in terms of history.Nuclear disarmament requires more than just disarming nuclear weapons for the moment. The crucial part is that such measures of disarmament should be sustained and should be kept as a lasting solution. It is admitted that there have been previous efforts from various nations and the international community to lessen nuclear arms and eventually entirely abolish these weapons of mass destruction.But up to this day, it remains a fact that several nations are still harboring nuclear weapons and that some are even continuing production of these weapons. A contemporary example to such a situation is North Korea which has recently gained much criticism from the international community in its recent testing of nuclear weapons, one of which is the Taepodong-2 ballistic missile.It is also a fact that at some point in time certain nuclear missile tests would have to be made in testing the feasibility of the weapon. It has been the case that the United States has tested some of its nuclear weapons in its own soil while North Korea and India have tested their missiles at sea. These tests may only last for a few minutes or so, yet the impact it leaves behind to the marine life in the cases of India and North Korea are long lasting.As with the case of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings years ago, tangible deformities were not only felt by those who were directly exposed to the radioactive substances present after the nuclear explosions. These physical deformities caused by alterations in the bodys genes persisted down to the third generation from those who were directly affected by the nuclear bombings.Nuclear disarmament is one striking step in realizing the goal of dissolving the current tensions created in the past and should not be taken as a long-term goal, for the longer it takes for nations to disarm themselves with nuclear weapons, it may be the case that more and more nations may resort to the creation of nuclear weapons for themselves. Indeed, if nations are truly serious with their desire to terminate a nuclear war and bring mutually assured destruction to these nuclear states and the rest of the world, it should be the case that efforts of nuclear disarmament should be realized as soon as possible. The world cannot afford a third world war from happening and destroying the welfare of the nations and the development of a larger part of the world.Indeed, nuclear disarmament should be the only option and that such an option should be taken and enacted the soonest possible time, if not no w. The dangers of nuclear weapons are real and that history has taught us of the insurmountable destruction it brings with more than anything else in the world.ReferencesBoutwell, J. (2002). The Many-Sided Nuclear Arms Debate. Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 36(1), 12.Rigby, K., Metzer, J., & Dietz, B. (1990). Factors Predisposing Individuals to Support Nuclear Disarmament An International Perspective Journal of Peace Research, 27(3), 328.Walker, S. (1995). The Origins of the Cold War in United States History Textbooks. The Journal of American History, 81(4), 1653.

Avon Promotion Essay

We employ certain web enabled systems to increase Representative support, which support a Representative to run her or his business more efficiently and also allow us to improve our order-processing accuracy. For example, in many countries, Representatives can enforce the Internet to manage their business electronically, including order submission, order tracking, payment and two-way communications with us. In addition, in the U.S. and certain other foodstuffs, Representatives can further flesh their own business by means of personalized web pages provided by us, enabling them to sell a complete rail line of our products online. Self-paced online training also is available in certain markets.In some markets, we use decentralized branches, satellite stores and autarkic retail operations (e.g., steady boutiques) to serveRepresentatives and other guestsRepresentatives come to a branch to office staff and pick up product orders for their customers. The branches also create visi bility for us with consumers and help reinforce our beauty image. In certain markets, we provide opportunities to license our beauty centers and other retail-oriented and direct-to-consumer opportunities to reach new customers in complementary ways to direct selling. In the U.S. and certain other markets, we also market our products through consumer websites (e.g., www.avon.com in the U.S.).The recruiting or appointing and training of Representatives be the primary responsibilities of district gross sales managers, zone managers and independent leaders. Depending on the market and the responsibilities of the role, some of these individuals are our employees and some are independent contractors. Those who are employees are paid a salary and an incentive based primarily on the achievement of a sales objective in their district. Those who are independent contractors are rewarded primarily based on total sales achieved in their zones or downline team of recruited, trained and managed Representatives. Personal contacts, including recommendations from current Representatives (including the Leadership program), and local market advertising constitute the primary means of obtaining new Representatives.The Leadership program is a multi- train compensation program which gives Representatives, known as independent leaders, the opportunity to urinate discounts on their own sales of our products, as well as commissions based on the net sales made by Representatives they have recruited and trained.This program largely limits the number of levels on which commissions can be earned to three. The primary responsibilities of independent leaders are the prospecting, appointing, training and development of their downline Representatives while maintaining a certain level of their own sales. Development of the Leadership program throughout the world is one part of our long-term growth strategy. As described above, the Representative is the store through which we primarily sell our products and, given the high rate of turnover among Representatives (a common characteristic of direct selling), it is critical that we recruit, retain and serviceRepresentatives on a move basis in order to maintain and grow our business. From time to time, local governments and others question the legal status of Representatives or impose burdens inconsistent with their status as independent contractors, often in regard to possible coverage under social benefit laws that would require us (and, in most instances, the Representatives) to make first-string contributions to government social benefit funds. Although we have generally been able to address these questions in a satisfactory manner, these questions can be raised again pursuit regulatory changes in a jurisdiction or can be raised in other jurisdictions. If there should be a final goal adverse to us in a country, the cost for future, and possibly past, contributions could be so substantial in the context of the volume and profitability of our business in that country that we would consider discontinuing operations in that country.Promotion and MarketingSales promotion and sales development activities are directed at assisting Representatives, through sales aids such as brochures, product samples and demonstration products. In order to support the efforts of Representatives to reach new customers, specially designed sales aids, promotional pieces, customer flyers, television advertising and print advertising can be used. In addition, we seek to motivate our Representatives through the use of special incentive programs that reward gilt-edged sales performance. Periodic sales meetings with Representatives are conducted by the district sales or zone managers. The meetings are designed to keep Representatives abreast of product line changes, explain sales techniques and provide recognition forsales performance. A number of merchandising techniques are used, including the introduction of new products , the use of combination offers, the use of mental test sizes and samples, and the promotion of products packaged as gift items.In general, for each sales campaign, a distinctive brochure is published, in which new products are introduced and selected items are offered as special promotions or are given particular prominence in the brochure. A key priority for our merchandising is to continue the use of pricing and promotional models and tools to enable a deeper, fact-based understanding of the role and impact of pricing within our product portfolio. From time to time, various regulations or laws have been proposed or adopted that would, in general, restrict the frequency, duration or volume of sales resulting from new product introductions, special promotions or other special price offers. We expect our pricing tractability and broad product lines to mitigate the effect of these regulations.Competitive ConditionsWe face competition from various products and product lines both dom estically and internationally.